linux share anti complaints server

First look at their own systems with 32-bit or 64-bit!
32Bit systems：
1.“cd /usr/local/”
2.“wget http://downloads2.ioncube.com/loader_downloads/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz” 3.”tar xvfz ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz”
64Bit systems:
1.”cd /usr/local/ ”
2.”wget http://downloads2.ioncube.com/loader_downloads/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.tar.gz”
3."Tar xvfz ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.tar.gz" pay attention to your system is what OK! Remove quotes
After the run，Login directAdmin background click the file to edit down to the last php.ini，Edit，In the first line of the configuration file Zend plus
“zend_extension = /usr/local/ioncube/ioncube_loader_lin_5.2.so” 然后保存，OK! The following should pay more attention to pull! After executing the above is no effect! Back DirectAdmin Control Panel Home service status httpd point third point is to re-re-import means import profile，And then view the loaded php.ini to see ioncube I use PHP5.2，If you are installing a 5.1 or 4.1 to be amended accordingly!

Lvm Linux mount under the same name and resolve conflict
Use the new hard disk to install the system in Linux，Installed after the original hard disk and then mount，Partition format for the system-wide default partition，The system is used by default
Is lvm format，And the default volumes are VolGroup00
Use pvs view is shown below：
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 136.62G 0
/dev / sdb2 VolGroup00 has lvm2- 136.62G 0
Positive confirmation can not find two VG，But with the same name，How to mount it?
The solution is，The original VG renamed，Settlement of the conflict can mount。
Rename format：[You are prompted to：
[root@localhost ~]# vgrename VolGroup00 VolGroup01
Found more than one VG called VolGroup00. Please supply VG uuid.
The reason is the presence of two VolGroup00，He has modified approach prompted to specify VG uuid to。
The command to view the VG uuid：
[root@localhost ~]# vgs -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group “VolGroup00”
Finding volume group “VolGroup00”
VG Attr Ext #PV #LV #SN VSize VFree VG UUID
VolGroup00 wz–n- 32.00M 1 2 0 136.62G 0 dcHa6G-abU2-Xfq8-EPBm-jBLj-SF18-O5uH0U
VolGroup00 wz–n- 32.00M 1 2 0 136.62G 0 OF8g7h PQJB 9D9z yPxn 1kfY Advq YbNHJ9
Later found VG uuid，Execution renamed again：
[root@localhost ~]# vgrename OF8g7h-PQJB-9D9z-yPxn-1kfY-Advq-YbNHJ9 VolGroup01
Volume group “VolGroup00” still has active LVs
After successfully modified，Then perform：lvscan
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
inactive '/ dev / VolGroup01 / LogVol00’ [130.84 GB] inherit
inactive '/ dev / VolGroup01 / LogVol01’ [5.78 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/ dev / VolGroup00 / LogVol00’ [130.84 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/ dev / VolGroup00 / LogVol01’ [5.78 GB] inherit
You can see the newly revised VolGroup01 is inactive status。
Then use the vgchange load VolGroup01
[root@localhost ~]# vgchange -ay /dev/VolGroup01
2 logical volume(s) in volume group “VolGroup01” now active
Finally, you can mount
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00 /mnt/old
At this point，Completed。
Lvm Linux mount under the same name and resolve conflict

[root@all /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hdc: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/hdc2 14 9729 78043770 8e Linux LVM

Disk / dev / hda: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 255 2048256 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 256 3934 29551567+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 3935 4444 4096575 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 4445 4865 3381682+ f Win95 Ext’d (LBA)
/dev/hda5 4445 4699 2048256 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 4700 4801 819283+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 4802 4865 514048+ 82 Linux swap
[root@all /]# mount /dev/hdc2 /mnt/cdrom
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
mount outlet when the above error!Who gives a hint!Thank you!

Reply：

1.First with vgscan
2.vgchange -ay
3.lvscan
4.mount

To the third step of the time it will show if the normal state lv two hard drives are active，Until then

#mount -t ext3 /dev/VGname/LVname /mnt/cdrom

You can be successful。

This article comes from CSDN blog，Reproduced, please indicate the source：http://blog.csdn.net/qiudakun/archive/2010/03/01/5336754.aspx

Sometimes we give vps add multiple IP，But kloxo prompt appears no_ip_address，kloxo bind multiple IP how to do it? If the platform is openvz，Then you must contact your room to bind to IP vps，Then ssh to log your vps set up the following configuration files：

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 101 Feb 7 19:30 ifcfg-venet0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 73 Feb 7 19:39 ifcfg-venet0:0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 73 Feb 7 19:39 ifcfg-venet0:1
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 71 Feb 7 19:39 ifcfg-venet0:2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 71 Feb 7 19:40 ifcfg-venet0:3

Usually content is more ifcfg-venet0：
DEVICE=venet0
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=127.0.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
BROADCAST=0.0.0.0

You can follow more ifcfg-venet0:0To build more IP configuration file：
DEVICE=venet0:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=173.212.231.22
NETMASK=255.255.255.255

Above，We want to create a new ifcfg-venet0:2，Then follow ifcfg-venet0:0To create a new，Only you need to modify the red words below to：

DEVICE=venet0:2
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=66.197.227.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.255

If you want to use ifcfg-venet0-range0 to bind multiple contiguous IP，That may encounter the following message：

SIOCADDRT: Network is unreachable

At this moment，You will find that in fact have been able to ping ip，can use。However, the panel did not recognize kloxo，and so，If you want kloxo panel recognize bound IP，To a new or a configuration file，More trouble，I do not know if there are other ways。

more ifcfg-venet0-range0
DEVICE=venet0
IPADDR_START=66.197.227.2
IPADDR_END=66.197.227.14
CLONENUM_START=2
NETMASK=255.255.255.255

At last，IP configuration file as follows：

ifcfg-venet0 ifcfg-venet0:1 ifcfg-venet0:11 ifcfg-venet0:13 ifcfg-venet0:2 ifcfg-venet0:4 ifcfg-venet0:6 ifcfg-venet0:8
ifcfg-venet0:0 ifcfg-venet0:10 ifcfg-venet0:12 ifcfg-venet0:14 ifcfg-venet0:3 ifcfg-venet0:5 ifcfg-venet0:7 ifcfg-venet0:9

service network restart to restart the network

重启 kloxo kloxo service restart

The current mainstream foreign vps linux system in the majority，Because linux system is free，The service provider or the user can save a little money，Moreover, for the average network applications，Linux platform performance and stability are much better than win platform。The only downside is linux platform server does not use a graphical interface，Ease of use is poor，Most non-professionals Configuration、Control them difficult，Even professionals，Many operations in the command line also somewhat cumbersome，To solve this problem，There are a variety of web-based linux platform control panel，The common actions graphic，Making it easy to manage。

Among the many linux distributions，centos is a very good，Because it is based on the original Redhat Linux，Relative to RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux，Now charges) free version，Excellent performance，Available documents and other resources are also very rich。In a number of panel，From resource consumption、Considering the terms of ease of use，kloxo (formerly lxadmin) undoubtedly more suitable for the most novice of vps，And its basic function is free of charge，The only restriction is that business can not bind more than 40 domain names，Completely sufficient for the average user。Therefore centos + kloxo vps platform is used to build web service very good choice。

The following steps will be described in several steps to get the initial setup vps，Only briefly described in a memo。The following methods are mainly from online collection。

——————————- The first step -----------

Because vps generally get the full version installed centos，Comes with components such as apache，We want to use the built-in server components kloxo，We need to uninstall that comes with apache、mysql, etc.。

Uninstall Mysql
# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-3.23.58-9
php-mysql-4.3.4-11
mod_auth_mysql-20030510-4.1
mysql-server-3.23.58-9
Explanation：rpm -qa | grep mysql command mysql related to the package are listed，Uninstall a package from the bottom of the beginning，Up to uninstall first date。
such as：In this example,，We should first uninstall mysql-server-3.23.58-9 follows：
rpm -e mysql-server
Explanation：rpm -e command is to uninstall the rpm package，Followed by the package name，The final version is not to fight，For example, our next step to uninstall mod_auth_mysql-20030510-4.1 package，Methods as below：
rpm -e mod_auth_mysql

Uninstall Apache
# rpm -qa | grep httpd

Uninstall PHP
# rpm -qa | grep php

note：If you can not afford to unload unloading time，The system will generally prompt dependency package，And the name of dependent packages listed，Uninstall prompt dependent package on。If you really can not afford to really have to uninstall package，-nodeps can add this parameter to uninstall，For example, we unload php-4.3.4-11，We can not afford to unload。then apply：
rpm -e php-4.3.4-11 -nodeps
Command very tough，Should line。

——————————- The second step -----------

centos system security settings

1、Change the SSH port，Preferably to 10,000 or more，Others to port scan chances will fall
vi / etc / ssh / ssh_config
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Then modify the port number for the port as needed
Service sshd restart as root

2、Delete unnecessary bloated system of accounts：
userdel adm
userdel lp
userdel sync
userdel shutdown
userdel halt
userdel news
userdel uucp
userdel operator
userdel games
userdel gopher
userdel ftp if you do not allow anonymous FTP，To delete the user account
groupdel adm
groupdel lp
groupdel news
groupdel uucp
groupdel games
groupdel dip
groupdel pppusers

3、Increase the general account，And prohibits remote login root：
useradd newuser // add a new user
passwd newuser // Change Password
usermod -G10 newuser
Or usermod -G wheel newuser // add the user to the wheel group，It allows the use of su - command to root privilege escalation
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Add a row：
PermitRootLogin no // prohibits remote login root
there /etc/pam.d/su
#auth required /lib/security/$ISA/pam_wheel.so use_uid 　 ← 找到此行，Remove the first line of "#"
echo "SU_WHEEL_ONLY yes" >> /etc/login.defs // use su or more users is not prohibited wheel set - command
Restart sshd service
#service sshd restart

4、Change the following file permissions，People do not make any changes to the account permissions：
chattr +i /etc/passwd
chattr +i /etc/shadow
chattr +i /etc/group
chattr +i /etc/gshadow

5、Edit "host.conf" file(vi /etc/host.conf)These add the following lines：
order bind,hosts
multi on
nospoof on
chmod 600 /etc/xinetd.conf
vi /etc/xinetd.conf ban all unnecessary services，Such as：ftp、telnet、shell、login、exec、talk、ntalk、imap、pop-2、pop-3、finger、auth, etc.，You can also be set directly by the service item setup command。
After changing the "inetd.conf" file，Do not forget to send a SIGHUP signal to the inetd process：
killall -HUP xinetd
chattr + i /etc/xinetd.conf // put into an immutable inetd.conf，If you want to change the file xinetd.conf，You must first clear sign of this change is not allowed：
chattr -i /etc/inetd.conf

Again, for server security，You can configure the anti-ping：

First with the / sbin / ifconfig see card information，Find external network card name，As venet0
run
/sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -o venet0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i venet0 -p icmp –icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i venet0 -p icmp –icmp-type echo-request -j DROP
/sbin/service iptables save
After seeing OK to restart。

MySQL can also be optimized by using MySQLTuner analysis。MySQLTuner is a Perl script，MySQL to analyze your performance，And given Optimization Tips。

download，carried out：
# wget http://mysqltuner.com/mysqltuner.pl
# chmod +x mysqltuner.pl
# ./mysqltuner.pl

——————————- third step -----------

安装 kloxo
wget http://download.lxlabs.com/download/kloxo/production/kloxo-install-master.sh
sh ./kloxo-install-master.sh

yum install php-bcmath / * mathematical precision assembly，Not installed by default，When used MD5 operations * /
yum check-update / * check all the updates * /
yum update /*更新全部更新*/
yum clean all / * clean up all the cached installation files to save space * /

This installation finished kloxo，The web panel can be landed。
address：https://yourdomain:7777/ /*Secure connection * /
http://yourdomain:7778/ /*Normal Connection，Common * /
General off for security reasons to modify the default port 7777 and 7778 in the panel，Modified to run in ssh：
/script/restart
Kloxo restart the service to make it take effect。

Here you can add the site in accordance with the Panel's instructions。

Kloxo Chinese language pack installation tutorial
1.Log into your VPS using ssh

2.Enter the directory lang:
$ cd /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/httpdocs/lang

3.Download the language pack:
$ wget http://www.daigou.in/pack/lxadmin_cn_pack.zip

4.Decompression:
$ unzip lxadmin_cn_pack.zip
(If the unzip command is not installed do yum -y install unzip to install)

5. Visit http://Your IP:7778/ Be lxadmin language settings

Select Chinese in Appearance-> Language in,Then click update confirmation

and then，You can see the familiar interface of the Chinese

kloxo increased domain name，How you can not be accessed? This is because of the need to restart the web service。 Sometimes the site does not open，You can also try to restart the web service。

Restart web service method：

Login kloxo background = "left：Server linux = "Services =" apache blue dot，The second is to stop，The first one is to start。(Shade below)

First stop point，10 seconds, etc.，Then point start

If you are the lighttpd web software，Then restart the line lighttpd。

Before adding domain name，Dns template needs to be added in the background kloxo。FIG follows：

What first find your domain name is dns，get ready。Where is your general domain name registration，You can find out your dns domain name registrars in the domain control panel。The following figure domain name www.ctohome.com I suppose you want to bind the domain name dns is ns1.ctohome.com：

Program kloxo panel If you install one-line command www.ctohome.com installed kloxo，So mysql default password is blank (no password)。

So how do you set it in mysql password kloxo panel? See below：

Precautions：

1.mysql username is root
2.The password is case sensitive
3.It recommends setting a password combination of letters and numbers
4.8-digit password is recommended above

kloxo File Manager function is very powerful，Other sites can be downloaded zip file online，And unzip online。

Consider the following illustration，I'm online forum software download phpwind，Then unzip online，Kloxo are completed inside the file manager，FTP do not，Zhenshuang。

Phpwind downloaded from the website phpwind zip-line installation package：

After the download is complete，Back to the directory listing，See phpwind.zip package already exists，Click the icon in front of 6.9M zip，You can start extracting：

Enter the directory to which you want to extract，After the extraction is completed，FTP upload directory can be installed inside the process moves to / directory to：

Under Zencart solve cache delete cache directory

KLOXO open new site，How to use FTP? What ftp password? answer：FTP server is your IP address，Your login name is the binding domain，The ctohome.com (not missing later .com)，The default password is your kloxo panel password!

If you need to do KLOXO panel to modify FTP password，See below：

Webmaster using php + mysql program，Most like to use phpMyAdmin to manage the database。So where phpMyAdmin Kloxo panel in? You need to install it yourself?

kloxo preinstalled phpmyadmin! Login kloxo panel，There is a left admin，Click on it，Icon on the right to find phpmyadmin。

As shown below。note，If your mysql root password is empty，You will not land。You need to point to reset mysql password management icon next to phpmyadmin (click to see the tutorial)，Set a new root password to enter phpmyadmin。

Kloxo panel to add the domain name，Sometimes we want to test it before going to formally resolve domain names。How to do it? Be sure to resolve domain names to access the website? How to simulate such an effect?

There is a way： Modify the hosts file，Analog domain name resolution! You can modify your computer's hosts file，The purpose to force a name resolution to a specific IP's。of course，Modify this document，It will only take effect on your computer，Does not affect other people。

How to modify the hosts file?

1.The location of the hosts file：xp,2000And other systems in C:\windows system32 drivers etc folder, locate the Hosts file and use Notepad to open(Windows 9x / Me system in C:\Windows folder to find)
2.Adding a separate line in accordance with the recording format of the domain name address ip。E.g

72.14.219.190 www.ctohome.com

note，IP address with no spaces in front，between ip addresses and domain names，There must be at least one space。
Modified，Be sure to remember to save the file。
3.How do you know the IP address of the domain name is already in force?
1.On your computer, please follow the steps below：Start–> Run–> Enter cmd–> Ping domain–> Enter to see results
2.Reply from show similar results 173.212.229.36: bytes=32 time=79ms TTL=53
Middle 173.212.229.36 It is the IP address of the domain name
4.Close all browser，reopen，Test whether the domain name you just add normal visit
5.If the access is not normal，Follow the 3 steps，Check the domain name that you have just set corresponds with the correct IP address

sometimes，In kloxo panel to change the password when，Because of network problems，Unplanned outages，Cause kloxo panel could not land，How to modify the mysql password?

ssh server links，root login，Then enter the following command line，Enter，mysql root password will be reset to empty。

php /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/bin/common/misc/reset-mysql-root-password.phps;

Then restart kloxo： kloxo service restart

Demo process is as follows：

[[email protected]]# php /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/bin/common/misc/reset-mysql-root-password.phps;
Stoping mysql
starting with skip grant tables
using mysql to flush privileges and reset password
Password reset succesfully. Now killing mysqld softly
sleeping
restarting the actual mysql service
Stopping MySQL: [FAILED]
Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
Password successfully reset to “”

[[email protected]]# kloxo service restart (重启 kloxo，Usually this step is OK)

Stopping kloxo: Waiting for the process to die…..
Stopped kloxo

Starting kloxo: 11
Could not connect to Mysql server…
mysqld (pid 40151) is running…
Started kloxo

[[email protected]]# kloxo stop service
Stopping kloxo: Waiting for the process to die…..
Stopped kloxo

[[email protected]]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 40097 1 0 01:53 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe –datadir=/var/lib/mysql –socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock –log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log –pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid –user=mysql
mysql 40151 40097 0 01:53 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld –basedir=/usr –datadir=/var/lib/mysql –user=mysql –pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid –skip-external-locking –socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 40546 36123 0 01:54 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[[email protected]]# pkill mysql
[[email protected]]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 40712 36123 0 01:54 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[[email protected]]# kloxo service start